Diabetes Test: Symptoms, Types, Diagnosis and Cost
By Sanovra Lab – Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing health conditions in India. Millions of people are living with diabetes, and many are undiagnosed. Early diagnostic tests are the key to preventing long-term complications. In this article, we will cover everything about diabetes tests, types, symptoms, complications, cost, and prevention.
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition in which your body cannot properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. This happens either due to low insulin production or the inability of the body to use insulin effectively. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can damage the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels.
Types of Diabetes
1. Type 1 Diabetes
This is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. Patients require lifelong insulin therapy.
2. Type 2 Diabetes
The most common form of diabetes, caused by insulin resistance. It is strongly linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise. It can often be managed with medicines, lifestyle changes, and sometimes insulin.
3. Gestational Diabetes
This occurs in some women during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. It usually disappears after delivery, but increases the mother’s and child’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
4. Prediabetes
A condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. Lifestyle changes can prevent it from progressing into type 2 diabetes.
Why Diabetes Testing is Important?
- Detects diabetes and prediabetes at an early stage
- Helps in preventing severe complications
- Guides treatment decisions for doctors
- Monitors blood sugar control in patients already diagnosed
Types of Diabetes Tests
1. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
Procedure: Requires 8–10 hours of fasting. A blood sample is collected in the morning.
Normal Range: 70–99 mg/dL.
Prediabetes: 100–125 mg/dL.
Diabetes: 126 mg/dL or higher.
2. Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS)
Procedure: Blood sample taken 2 hours after eating.
Normal: Less than 140 mg/dL.
Diabetes: More than 200 mg/dL.
3. HbA1c Test
Procedure: Measures average blood sugar over the last 2–3 months.
Normal: Below 5.7%.
Prediabetes: 5.7–6.4%.
Diabetes: 6.5% or higher.
Note: This is one of the most reliable tests for long-term diabetes monitoring.
4. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Procedure: Blood sugar measured before and after drinking a glucose solution.
Use: Commonly used to detect gestational diabetes.
Interpretation: Blood sugar above 200 mg/dL after 2 hours confirms diabetes.
5. Random Blood Sugar (RBS)
Procedure: Can be done anytime, no fasting required.
Interpretation: 200 mg/dL or higher usually means diabetes.
Symptoms of Diabetes
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Unexplained weight loss
- Slow healing wounds
- Constant fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Frequent infections (skin, urinary tract)
Complications of Uncontrolled Diabetes
If not diagnosed and treated on time, diabetes can cause severe health problems:
- Kidney damage (Diabetic Nephropathy)
- Heart diseases and stroke
- Eye problems (Diabetic Retinopathy)
- Nerve damage (Neuropathy)
- Foot ulcers and infections
Who Should Get Tested?
Diabetes testing is recommended for:
- People above 35 years of age
- Individuals with obesity or sedentary lifestyle
- Family history of diabetes
- Pregnant women (Gestational Diabetes)
- Patients with high blood pressure and cholesterol
Cost of Diabetes Tests in India
The cost depends on the type of test and lab:
- FBS & PPBS: ₹100–₹300
- HbA1c Test: ₹400–₹800
- OGTT: ₹500–₹1000
- Complete Diabetes Profile: ₹1000–₹2000
At Sanovra Lab, we offer accurate and affordable diabetes testing. You can also upload your prescription online for hassle-free booking.
Lifestyle and Diet Tips to Manage Diabetes
- Eat high-fiber foods like whole grains, vegetables, and legumes
- Avoid refined sugar and junk food
- Exercise at least 30 minutes daily (walking, yoga, cycling)
- Maintain healthy body weight
- Limit alcohol consumption and quit smoking
- Go for regular health check-ups at labs like Sanovra Lab
FAQs on Diabetes Tests
Q1: Can a single test confirm diabetes?
No, doctors usually confirm with at least two different tests such as FBS and HbA1c.
Q2: Is HbA1c test better than FBS?
HbA1c gives a long-term picture of blood sugar, while FBS gives current levels. Both are important.
Q3: How often should a diabetic patient test blood sugar?
Diabetic patients should test regularly as per doctor’s advice – usually every 3 months with HbA1c.
Q4: Can I monitor my sugar at home?
Yes, with a glucometer, but lab tests are more reliable for diagnosis and monitoring.
Q5: Is diabetes curable?
Currently, there is no permanent cure, but it can be managed effectively with lifestyle, medicines, and regular checkups.
Q6: Which test is best for prediabetes?
HbA1c and OGTT are the most reliable for detecting prediabetes.
Q7: How much time does the test take?
FBS and RBS take a few minutes. HbA1c results are usually available within a few hours.
Q8: Is fasting compulsory for all tests?
No, fasting is required only for FBS and OGTT. HbA1c and RBS don’t require fasting.
Q9: What happens if diabetes is ignored?
Ignoring diabetes leads to severe complications like kidney failure, heart disease, and blindness.
Q10: Where can I book a reliable diabetes test?
You can easily book affordable and accurate diabetes tests at Sanovra Lab.
Disclaimer
This article is for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified doctor or healthcare provider for any questions regarding your health condition.
Conclusion
Diabetes is a growing health concern in India, but early detection and management can prevent complications. Regular diabetes tests at Sanovra Lab, combined with a healthy lifestyle, are the best ways to stay protected. Book your test today and take the first step towards a healthier future.