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Custard Apple (Sitaphal): Nutritional Value, Health Benefits, Safety, and Medical Perspective
Custard apple, commonly known as Sitaphal, is a tropical fruit widely consumed in India and other warm regions. From a medical and nutritional standpoint, custard apple is considered an energy-dense fruit rich in carbohydrates, dietary fiber, essential vitamins, and minerals. Traditionally used in Indian diets and complementary health practices, sitaphal has gained attention for its role in digestion, immunity, pregnancy nutrition, and general well-being.
This article presents a medical-blog-style, evidence-based overview of custard apple, including its nutritional profile, health benefits, safety considerations, and populations who should consume it with caution.
What Is Custard Apple (Sitaphal)?
Custard apple (Annona squamosa) is a round or heart-shaped fruit with a green, segmented outer skin and soft, creamy white pulp inside. The pulp contains multiple black seeds, which are not edible. The fruit is naturally sweet and is typically consumed fresh or added to milk-based preparations.
From a clinical nutrition perspective, custard apple is classified as a high-energy fruit, making it suitable for individuals requiring calorie-dense diets but less ideal for unrestricted intake in metabolic disorders.
Nutritional Value of Custard Apple
(Approximate values per 100 g)
| Nutrient | Amount |
|---|---|
| Calories | 94–100 kcal |
| Carbohydrates | 23–25 g |
| Natural Sugars | 18–20 g |
| Dietary Fiber | 4–5 g |
| Protein | 1.5–2 g |
| Fat | 0.3–0.6 g |
Key Micronutrients
- Vitamin C: Antioxidant, immune support
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Brain and nerve function
- Folate (B9): Essential during pregnancy
- Potassium & Magnesium: Cardiovascular and muscle health
- Iron & Copper: Red blood cell production
Calories in Custard Apple
Custard apple provides nearly 100 kcal per 100 g, which is significantly higher than many commonly consumed fruits. This caloric density explains its ability to:
- Improve energy levels
- Support weight gain in undernourished individuals
- Aid recovery after illness
Note: Excessive intake may contribute to unintended weight gain.
Benefits of Custard Apple for Overall Health
1. Digestive Health
Custard apple contains soluble and insoluble fiber, which improves bowel regularity, helps prevent constipation, and supports healthy gut motility. It may be beneficial in individuals with mild digestive sluggishness but should be avoided during acute gastrointestinal infections.
2. Natural Sugars and Energy Boost
The natural fructose and glucose content provide rapid energy, making custard apple useful for fatigue, weakness after illness, and elderly individuals with low appetite. Unlike refined sugars, the presence of fiber slows glucose absorption when eaten in moderation.
3. Cardiovascular Support
Potassium helps regulate blood pressure by counteracting sodium effects, while magnesium supports heart rhythm and muscle relaxation.
4. Neurological Support
Vitamin B6 plays a role in neurotransmitter synthesis, supporting cognitive function, mood balance, and stress regulation.
Benefits of Custard Apple During Pregnancy
From a maternal nutrition perspective, custard apple can be safely consumed during pregnancy in moderate amounts.
- Provides calories for increased energy demands
- Helps relieve pregnancy-related constipation
- Supports fetal neural development (Vitamin B6 & Folate)
- Contributes to hemoglobin maintenance
Custard Apple in Pregnancy: Myths vs. Facts
❌ Myth: Custard apple causes miscarriage.
✅ Medical fact: No scientific evidence supports this claim.❌ Myth: Custard apple creates excessive body heat.
✅ Medical fact: When eaten in moderation, it does not cause harm.
Clinical advice: Pregnant women should avoid overeating and consume only fresh, ripe pulp.
Common Questions on Consumption
Is Custard Apple Good for Weight Loss?
Medical Perspective: Custard apple is not ideal as a primary weight-loss fruit due to its high calorie density and significant natural sugar content. However, the fiber promotes satiety which may prevent overeating if portions are controlled. Recommendation: Limit intake to ½ fruit occasionally, preferably earlier in the day.
Can We Eat Custard Apple at Night?
Yes, but with caution. It is best to eat 2–3 hours before bedtime. Late-night intake may lead to indigestion, elevated blood glucose levels, or unwanted weight gain. Diabetics should avoid nighttime consumption.
Custard Apple Seeds Safety
⚠️ Medical Warning: Seeds are toxic if ingested.
They contain neurotoxic compounds and can cause nausea, vomiting, or neurological symptoms. While traditionally used externally for anti-lice purposes, seeds should never be eaten or crushed for internal use.
Clinical Guidelines: Dosage and Safety
Best Time to Eat
Clinically recommended timing is during morning hours or early afternoon. Avoid consumption late at night or immediately after heavy meals to improve digestion.
How Much is Safe Per Day?
- Healthy adults: 100–150 g
- Pregnant women: Small portion, 2–3 times per week
- Children: 2–3 tablespoons of pulp
- Diabetics: Only after medical advice
Who Should Avoid Custard Apple?
Custard apple intake should be limited or avoided by individuals with:
- Diabetes mellitus (due to high glycemic load)
- Severe digestive disorders
- Active gastrointestinal infections
- Known fruit allergies
Medical Summary
From a medical and nutritional standpoint, custard apple is a healthy fruit when consumed in moderation. It offers:
- ✔ Nutrient density
- ✔ Energy support
- ✔ Benefits for pregnancy (moderate intake)
- ✔ Digestive and immune support
Clinical advice: Include custard apple as part of a balanced diet, tailored to individual health needs. Be mindful of portion sizes if you are managing weight or blood sugar.